five precepts and ten virtues

during the songtsen gampo period, one of the buddhist scriptures first translated by the minister tunmi sangbuza was called the "ten virtues sutra", which mainly explains the ten precepts of buddhism (or the ten virtues). the contents of the ten precepts include three bodies, namely, no killing, no stealing, and no adultery; four mouths, no slander, no abusive words, no slander, no slander, no frivolous words; three minds, no greed, no anger, and no ignorance. body, mouth, and mind represent behavior, language and thought. the ten precepts originate from the five precepts, but they are different from the five precepts. the five precepts focus on stopping evil, while the ten precepts focus on doing good. the ten virtues that come from the ten precepts are to observe impurity and avoid greed, to compassion and away from anger, to observe ignorance with cause and condition, to speak honestly and away from lies, to speak harmoniously and away from slander, to speak love and away from evil words, to speak straightforwardly and free from frivolous words, to save lives and kill, to give alms and steal, to be pure and free from evil lust. the five precepts and ten virtues are the basis of buddhist ethics and morality. from the perspective of buddhism, observing the five precepts and ten virtues can ensure that one is reborn in the good realms of human and heaven, and avoid falling into the three paths. even if one cannot be liberated in this life, one can continue to practice in the next life.

the five precepts are the norm for being a human being and the basis for perfecting personality.

five precepts: 1. do not kill, 2. do not steal, 3. do not commit adultery, 4. do not lie, 5. do not drink alcohol

【five precepts](excerpt from the agama sutra )

［1. don’t kill ］it means that if a person kills those sentient beings and takes their lives, he will die and fall into the evil path; or if he is born in a person, his lifespan will be short. if you don’t do this, you will be called killing.

［2. don’t steal the ring ］it means that if a person steals the main thing without placing it, he will fall into the evil path when he dies; or if he is born, he will also suffer from poverty. if you don’t do this, you will not be a stealing precept.

［3. the precept of not committing sexual misconduct ］it means that if a person is sexually impotent, he will be willing to offend other people's wives and concubines, and will fall into the evil path when he dies; or if he is born, his wives and concubines will not be chaste. if you don’t do this, you will be called the precept of committing adultery.

［4. do not lie ］it means that if a person makes false statements, hides the truth, deceives the public and listens, he will fall into the evil path when he dies; or if he is born, he will also have a bad tone and hates it. if you don’t do this, it is called not lying to precepts.

［5. avoid drinking ］it means that if a person drinks, he will be indifferent, crazy, ignorant, and have no wisdom. if you do not drink, it is called the precept of not drinking alcohol.

【five precepts match the five constants and five elements]（the sutra of king ren)

［1. don’t kill and benevolent ］，be kind and love to live a life are called benevolence. the wood of the five elements is also dominated by benevolence. benevolence will not kill, so it is matched with benevolence because it does not kill.

［2. don't steal the wisdom ］，evil and righteousness are called wisdom, and the water of the five elements is also dominated by wisdom. wisdom will not steal, so it is worthy of wisdom because it does not steal.

［3. don’t commit adultery ］，the right thing to do is to control things, and the metal of the five elements is also the main thing to do. the righteousness does not commit adultery, so it is a matter of meaning to do not commit adultery.

［4. don’t lie and trust ］，true and not deceive are called faith. the land of the five elements is also dominated by faith. if you believe, you will not speak lies, so you are not lying. therefore, you are not lying to trust.

［5. don’t drink wine and give gifts ］，when dealing with things, it is called etiquette. the fire of the five elements is also responsible for etiquette. etiquette is to prevent mistakes, so it is to match etiquette without drinking alcohol.

among those who practice the ten virtue precepts, the highest and middle grades can be born in heaven through their merits, and the lowest grades can be king among people.

【ten virtues】

the ten kinds of good deeds are not to kill, steal, do not commit adultery, do not lie, do not slander, do not speak awkwardly, do not speak frivolously, do not greedy, do not anger, and do not be ignorant.

﹝out of the dharma realm ﹞

good means natural. it is said that these ten methods are all natural. however, there are two types: one is to stop, and the other is to act. if you stop, you will stop yourself from your own evil and not be bothered by others; if you act, you will practice better and benefit everything.

［1. don't kill ］those who do not kill animals mean that they do not harm all life, which is the good thing of stopping killing. since you do not kill, you should do the good deeds of releasing animals.

［2. don't steal ］those who do not steal will say that they do not steal other people's property, which is the good thing to stop stealing. since you do not steal, you should do the good deeds.

［3. don't be lewd ］those who do not commit adultery are meant to not perform adultery, which is the good thing to stop adultery. since you do not commit adultery, you should do the good deeds of pure brahma.

［4. don't speak lies ］those who do not speak lies mean that they do not speak falsely and deceive others, which is the good thing of stopping lies. since you do not speak lies, you should do the good of real words.

［5. no tongue ］those who do not slander mean that they do not go to both sides, talk about right and wrong, and make others argue, which is the good thing of stopping the slander. since you are not bothering each other, you should do the good of harmony and interests.

［6. don't speak badly ］those who do not speak badly means not making rough and bad words or insulting others, which is to stop the goodness of speaking badly. since you do not speak badly, you should do the good of soft and soft words.

［7. not frivolous ］those who do not speak frivolously are meant to be frivolous and gorgeous words that make people happy to hear, which is the goodness of stopping frivolous words. since you do not speak frivolously, you should do good deeds with integrity and integrity.

［8. no greed ］those who do not greed mean that they do not greed for the world of lust, which is the goodness of stopping greed. since you are not greedy, you should practice the goodness of pure brahma.

［nine, don't be angry ］those who are not angry mean that they do not feel angry. anger at others is the good thing of stopping anger. since you are not angry, you should do kindness and tolerance.

［10. not evil ］those who do not have evil views mean that they do not have biased evil views and hold that they are right, which means that they stop the goodness of evil views. since you do not have evil views, you should practice the goodness of correct faith and correct views.