Master Tanluan, a master monk in Pure Land

2025-04-02 佛教知识

昙鸾法师，南北朝时代北魏雁门人。少年时游五台山，看见处处神迹、种种灵异，便发心出家，后来读《大集经》，感到词深义密，平常人难以理解，便发心注解。刚注到一半，就得了气疾，不得不四处求医治疗。他长叹一口气说：“生命无常，朝不保夕。我听说有长寿仙人，时常出没人间。能得长寿，再来宏扬佛道，不是更好吗?”病好后，他就找到江南陶隐居，恳求仙术。隐居先生传授他《仙经》10卷，他高兴地踏上归途。走到洛阳城下，遇到三藏法师菩提留支。昙鸾法师问道：“佛法中有没有长生不死法，比这个《仙经》更好的。”法师回答道：“这个世界哪有长生不死法。纵然得到长寿，也不过多活几年，最终还要轮转，《仙经》不足珍贵。所谓长生不死，正是我佛的教道啊。”于是，以《十六观经》授予他，说：“学会这个，就再不生三界，不入六道。大自然中的吉凶、祸福、成败、盈亏，再不与你相干。若论寿命之长，则恒沙劫，不能比拟。这正是我佛大觉金仙的长寿啊。”

昙鸾法师听说之后，大喜过望，随即焚化《仙经》，专修净观。并以此自行化他，广为流布。曾仿龙树菩萨偈语，续撰《礼净土十二偈》。又撰写《安乐集》两卷，流传于世。著名的《往生论注》，就出自法师的手笔。全文请见《净土十要》一书中的附录内。北魏国主对他十分敬重，赐号神鸾，敕请移住并州大寺。晚年，法师移居汾州玄中寺。魏兴和4年的一天傍晚，法师在房中见一位梵僧对他说：“我是龙树，久已居于西方净土，因你我同志，故来相见。”法师即自知时至，集合大众，教诫大家说：“生身劳碌，苦役无有停日，地狱三途之苦，我们不能不怕，西方九品净业，我们不能不修。”说完，让弟子们高声念佛，法师面向西方，低头作礼而终。寺中僧俗人等，都看见幢幡华盖，自西向东而来，而且天乐盈空，久久方停。法师的事迹上达于朝廷，国主下敕葬于汾河西岸的文谷，并建塔立碑。

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